Caused by infection of Mycobacterium avium complex (comprising M. avium and M.intracellulare). Although the mode of transmission is unclear, MAC is most likely environmentally acquired.

Risk Factors

HIV-infected persons. Rarely in children or nonimmuno-compromised persons. Incidence is decreasing because of changes in treatment for HIV-infected patients; however, antimicrobial resistance may be increasing.

Symptoms

In HIV infected persons, manifestations include night sweats, weight loss, abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and anemia.

Diagnosis

Several different syndromes are caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Disseminated infections are usually associated with HIV infection. Less commonly, pulmonary disease in nonimmunocompromised persons is a result of infection with MAC. In children, the most common syndrome is cervical lymphadenitis.

Treatment

Anti-bacterial medical treatments.

Prevention

Transmission is unknown as such, prevention is also unknown.

References

CDC