Edward Lear (12 May 1812 - 29 January 1888) was an artist, illustrator and writer known for his nonsensical poetry and his limericks, a form which he popularised. He was born in Highgate, a suburb of London, the 20th child of his parents and raised by his eldest sister, Ann, twenty-one years his senior. At the age of fifteen, he and his sister had to leave the family home and set up house together. He started work as a serious illustrator and his first publication, at the age of 19, was Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots in 1830. His paintings were well received and he was favorably compared with Audubon. Throughout his life he continued to paint seriously. He had a lifelong ambition to illustrate Tennyson's poems; near the end of his life a volume with a small number of illustrations was published, but his vision for the work was never realised.

He did not keep good health. From the age of seven until the time of his death he suffered frequent grand mal epileptic seizures, as well as bronchitis, asthma, and in later life, partial blindness.

In 1846 he published A Book of Nonsense, a volume of limericks which went through three editions and helped popularise the form. In 1865 The History of the Seven Families of the Lake Pipple-Popple was published, and in 1867 his most famous piece of nonsense, The Owl and the Pussycat, which he wrote for the children of his patron Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby. Many other works followed.

Lear's writing

Edward Lear's nonsense works are distinguished by a facility of verbal invention and a poet's delight in the sounds of words, both real and imaginary. A stuffed rhinoceros becomes a "diaphanous doorscraper". A "blue Boss-Woss" plunges into "a perpendicular, spicular, orbicular, quadrangular, circular depth of soft mud". His heroes are Quangle-Wangles, Pobbles, and Jumblies. His most famous piece of verbal invention occurs in the closing lines of The Owl and the Pussycat:

Herrgard Herrgard They dined on mince, and slices of quince
Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Which they ate with a runcible spoon;
Herrgard Herrgard And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand,
Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard They danced by the light of the moon,
Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard The moon,
Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard The moon,
Herrgard Herrgard They danced by the light of the moon.

The "runcible spoon", a Lear coinage, entered the language and is now found in almost any English dictionary.

Limericks are invariably typeset as five lines today, but Edward Lear's limericks were published in a variety of formats. It appears that Lear wrote them in manuscript basically in as many lines as there was room for beneath the picture. In the first three editions, most are typeset as, respectively, three, five, and three lines. The cover of one edition bears an entire limerick typeset in only two lines, thus:

Herrgard Herrgard There was an Old Derry down Derry, who loved to see little folks merry;
Herrgard Herrgard So he made them a book, and with laughter they shook at the fun of that Derry down Derry.

In Lear's limericks, the first and last lines usually end with the same word, rather than rhyming. For the most part, they are truly nonsensical and devoid of any punch line or point; there is nothing in them to "get". They are completely free of the off-colour humour with which the verse form is now associated. A typical thematic element is the presence of a callous and critical "they". An example of a typical Lear limerick:

Herrgard Herrgard There was an Old Man of Aôsta,
Herrgard Herrgard Who possessed a large Cow, but he lost her;
Herrgard Herrgard But they said, 'Don't you see,
Herrgard Herrgard she has rushed up a tree?
Herrgard Herrgard You invidious Old Man of Aosta!'

It is interesting to compare those two Victorian masters of nonsense, Edward Lear and Lewis Carroll. Lewis Carroll's "nonsense" is a reversal or parody of ordinary logic. He plays on the meaning of words, and his writing style itself is prosaic. Edward Lear's "nonsense" is a true absence of logic; he plays on the sound of words and his writing style is poetic. Among Lear's tremble-bembles and the chippy-wippy-sikki-tees can be found some very felicitous turns of phrase. Lear's self-portrait in verse, How Pleasant to know Mr. Lear, closes with this stanza, a pleasant reference to his own mortality:

Herrgard Herrgard He reads but he cannot speak Spanish,
Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard He cannot abide ginger-beer;
Herrgard Herrgard Ere the days of his pilgrimage vanish,
Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard Herrgard How pleasant to know Mr. Lear!

Works

• Illustrations of the Family of the Psittacidæ (1832)
• Tortises, Terrapins, and Turtles by J.E. Gray
• Views in Rome and its Environs (1841)
• Gleanings from the Menagerie at Knowsley Hall (1846)
• Illustrated Excursions in Italy (1846)
• Book of Nonsense (1846)
• Journal of a Landscape Painter in Greece and Albania (1851)
• Journal of a Landscape Painter in Souther Albania (1852)
• Book of Nonsense and More Nonsense (1862)
• Views in the Seven Ionian Isles (1863)
• Journal of a Landscape Painter in Corsica (1870)
• Nonsense Songs and Stories (1871)
• More Nonsense Songs, Pictures, etc. (1872)
• Laughable Lyrics (1877)
• Nonsense Alphabets
• Nonsense Botany (1888)
• Tennyson's Poems, illustrated by Lear (1889)
• Facsimile of a Nonsense Alphabet (1849, but not published until 1926)